History Of Newfoundland
Ministry of National Heritage and Defence
History of Newfoundland
From the first European contact to a modern sovereign nation — the story of Newfoundland’s journey to independence and self-determination.
A Nation’s Story
The Republic of Newfoundland’s history is one of resilience, determination, and an unwavering commitment to self-governance. From the fishing stations of the 16th century to a modern democratic republic, Newfoundland has charted its own course through centuries of challenge and triumph.
This collection of historical documents, issued by the Ministry of National Heritage and Defence, chronicles the key periods and turning points that shaped our nation.
Historical Timeline
Founding and Early Settlement
From John Cabot’s landfall to the establishment of permanent communities and the emergence of a distinct Newfoundland identity.
The Age of Self-Government
The achievement of representative government, responsible government, and the path toward recognition as a self-governing dominion.
The Dominion of Newfoundland
Recognition as an equal dominion within the British Empire, participation in World War I, and the challenges of the interwar period.
War and Transition
The Commission of Government, World War II’s transformative impact, and the crucial referendum on Newfoundland’s future.
The Republic Reborn
Restoration of responsible government, rejection of confederation with Canada, and establishment of the modern republic.
Maritime Sovereignty and the Fishing Wars
Declaration of the 200-mile EEZ, confrontation with foreign fishing fleets, and assertion of sovereign rights over offshore resources.
Modernization and the Technological Age
Transition to a knowledge economy, development of high-tech industries, and emergence as a North Atlantic innovation hub.
The Republic Today and Tomorrow
A confident, mature democracy looking toward the future while honoring its past.
Historical Documents
Explore our complete historical series — each document provides detailed accounts of the Republic’s development through key periods:
PART I
1497 – 1829
Founding and Early Settlement — From Cabot’s arrival to the establishment of representative government.
PART II
1832 – 1907
The Age of Self-Government — The achievement of responsible government and democratic institutions.
PART III
1907 – 1934
The Dominion of Newfoundland — Recognition as an equal dominion and the First World War.
PART IV
1934 – 1949
War and Transition — Commission government, World War II, and the path to renewed sovereignty.
PART V
1949 – 1972
The Republic Reborn — Restoration of democracy and establishment of the modern republic.
PART VI
1976 – 1988
Maritime Sovereignty and the Fishing Wars — Defending territorial waters and offshore resources.
PART VII
1980 – 2025
Modernization and the Technological Age — Transition to a knowledge economy and innovation society.
PART VIII
2025 – Beyond
The Republic Today and Tomorrow — A mature sovereign nation looking to the future.
Archives and Research
The National Archives of Newfoundland, located in St. John’s, houses the nation’s documentary heritage including government records, private papers, photographs, and maps dating from 1497 to the present.
- National Archives: Scheduled visits available Monday-Friday, 09:00-16:30
- Research Inquiries: archives@republicofnewfoundland.com
- Educational Programs: School programs and guided tours available
- Digital Collections: Selected materials available online
Contact
Ministry of National Heritage and Defence
Historical Services Division
Fort Hadow, St. John’s, Newfoundland
Email: heritage@republicofnewfoundland.com
Phone: +1-709-555-7100
This page is maintained by the Ministry of National Heritage and Defence.